How do pilots typically communicate with Air Traffic Control?

Pilots typically communicate with Air Traffic Control using VHF (Very High Frequency) radio frequencies. This method is standard in aviation because VHF radio offers reliable, real-time communication over relatively short distances, which is ideal for air traffic management. The use of VHF radio allows pilots to receive instructions, report their position, and convey other important information in a clear and efficient manner.

The reasons other options aren't used by pilots for routine communication with ATC are important for understanding the context: Satellite phones might be utilized in certain extreme circumstances or in remote areas where traditional communication is unavailable, but they are not the primary means of communication because they are generally not suited for the fast-paced, immediate communication necessary in aviation. Text messaging apps are not a standard method and would lack the immediacy and reliability required for air traffic control, as aviation communication must be instantaneous, particularly in high-traffic situations. Signaling with lights may be used for visual communication between aircraft at night or on the ground, but it is not applicable for communicating with ATC in flight due to distance and the need for clear, concise, and unambiguous communication.