What is the minimum vertical separation required between aircraft flying from FL 290 to FL 410?

The minimum vertical separation required between aircraft flying from FL 290 to FL 410 is determined by the concept of Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM) and standard separation. RVSM permits a reduced vertical separation of 1,000 feet between aircraft operating in the flight levels of FL 290 to FL 410, provided that the aircraft are equipped with the necessary altimetry systems and are RVSM-compliant.

For non-RVSM aircraft, the standard separation maintains a minimum of 2,000 feet. This separation is based on safety protocols to ensure that aircraft are adequately separated to avoid risks of loss of separation due to altitude deviations or inaccuracies in altitude reporting.

In this case, as the question pertains to a range that includes both RVSM and non-RVSM aircraft, the correct choice accounts for both types: 1,000 feet for RVSM-equipped aircraft and 2,000 feet for those that are not equipped. This dual requirement ensures safety and proper operational standards within controlled airspace.