What type of communication is predominantly used in air traffic control?

Air traffic control primarily relies on voice communication using Very High Frequency (VHF) radio frequencies due to its effectiveness in ensuring clear and immediate exchanges between air traffic controllers and pilots. VHF radio has a reliable range for line-of-sight communication, which is essential in aviation where direct and immediate interaction is necessary for safety and coordination. This type of communication allows for the transmission of instructions, clarifications, and updates in real-time, which is crucial in a dynamic environment like air traffic management.

While other methods like text messaging and automated communication serve supportive roles or are evolving technologies, they do not yet match the immediacy and clarity provided by voice communication in critical situations. Visual signals, though important at some airports and in specific scenarios (like when communicating with ground personnel), are not sufficient for the comprehensive needs of air traffic control, particularly in situations where quick decisions and clear instructions are paramount.